Door, window, and the like.



PATBNTED MAY 22, 1906. W. W. TAYLOR. DOOR, WINDOW, AND THE LIKE.

APPLIOATLION FILED APB-.22.1904.

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No. 821,201. 'PATENT-ED MAY 22, 190e.

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PATENTED MAY 22, `1906.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFIO.

WILLIAM WILBERFOROE TAYLOR, OF OXFORD, ENGLAND.

DOOR. WINDOW. AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22, 1906.

. Application filed April 22. 1904. Serial No. 204,418.

.To a/ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, a subject of the King ofEngland', residing at Oxford, England, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Doors, Windows, and the Like, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to doors or windows,

and provides a method of so makin a foldinor 1a door or window that thepressure of the wind on the two arts is balanced or nearly balanced andt at the tendency of the door or Window to slam, owing either to a.draft or 'to a sudden gust of wind, is much reduced. I5 Thisarrangementalso Vto a great measure I revents the opening of the door or windowfiom disturbing the air except in the immediate neighborhood of the saiddoor or window and from itself causing a draft in the room or 2o passageinto which it opens, a feature which 1s most obnoxious in many publicbuildin s. The method in which this is effected may ie described asfollows: The door or window is hinged to the side of the opening inwhich it z 5 acts by a line of hinges called below the "first lineofhinges. The door or window consists of two parts or members hingedtogetherin the manner used in makinga folding screen by a line ofhinges, called below the second line 3o of hinges parallel to the firstline of hinges. The part between the first and second lines of hinges ispreferably about two-sevenths of the whole width of the door or window.At the same distance as this from the second line of 3 5 hinges a pin orbolt parallel to the lines of hinges extends into a fixed straight slotthat runs along either of the sides of the door or window'perpendicularto the line of hinges when the door or window is shut and causes 4o thatpart of the door or window to move always in the plane that is occupiedby the door or window when shut. The part of the door or window betweenthe bolt and the first line of hinges thus moves inward when the i outerpart away from the hinges moves outward, and vice versa. Thus the airdisplaced by the door or window on the two sides of it is to a greatextent equalized and instead of a displacement of air all in onedirection in- 5o Ward or outward by the swinging of the door or windowonly an eddy in the immediate neighborhood of the door or window iscaused; but what in many cases is a more important consideration thewind-pressures on the two 5 5 parts of the door also equalize oneanother,or

nearly so, when the door is being opened or shut in a wind.

. The bolt may be either fixed to the door or so attached to it as to becapable of being Withdrawn from the slot by pulling a han- 6o dle. Itmay also have a traveling attachment capable of moving along theslotinto which it fits, which may be used to minimize friction or to furnishan attachment for a self-closin arran ement, such as a simple form of aorton oorcheck, or to attach the end of a cord or chain runnin over apulley and connected at the other enwith aweight.

If it is only desired to lopen the door or window on one sidec'. e., sothat the second line 7o of hinges goes either' inward always or alwaysoutward and not both waysthe door or window can have attached to itwind-guards that will close the cracks at the top andat the bottom andat the sides of the door when s hut. If otherwise, close-fitting willhave to` be relied upon or any other device suitable to ordinaryswing-doors. The ordinary forms of lock and handle for doors can beplaced on the side of the door remote from the first line 8o of hingesand can be operated vin the usual manner. u

A door so made requires less space to move in than an ordinaryswing-door. Instead of covering a semicircle round its first line `ofhinges It covers a semi-ellipse, of which the semimajor axis isrepresented by the door when shut, and the semiminor axis is aboutthree-sevenths of this length.

Modifications in the details of construction 9o may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of this invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1,

3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show in perspective various doors and windows, allaccording to this in 95 vention. Fig. 2 shows in perspective details ofthe hinges in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a plan showing a modified form of hinge,and Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the amount of space oc cupied inthe opening of a door according to roc this invention.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Withreference first to Fig. 1, the door comrises two arts A and B, thepart A being Io 5 inged to tfie .framing C and to the adjacent part B bhinges D, capable of allowing movement in both directions. A convenientform of hinge for the purpose is shown in Fig. 2, but needs noparticular description, as it is 1ro g y maar well knownasadoublescreen-hinge. The toa cord G, which passes over a pulley G5 part B ofthe door is rovided with a bolt E, and is connected to the pin E. Asimilar arprojecting up into a s ot F in the to framing rangement isprovided on the other side ofthe v of the doorway. This bolt E is sown,l b; window. I 'y n i 54way of examp e, as sup orted upon a bloc Thewindow illustratedin Fi 7 is gener- 7c 3 beneath it, so that if t eblock be taken out ally similar to that described with reference thebolt may be withdrawn from th'e slot F. to Fig. 6 but the smaller sash Ais hinged to The distance between the bolt E and the secthe bottom ofthe framing C2. In this conond line of.' hinges-that is to say, thehinges struction one weight G3 only is used and opioconnecting the art Awith the part B-is preferably e ua to the distance between the two linesof `nges, that distance itself being conveniently a proximatelytwo-sevenths of the whole widt of the door. l5 The door illustrated inFigs. 3 and 4 is intended to open in one direction only. lHenceordinaryhinges D may be employed to connect the parts A and B, and a rabbet Ccan be fixed to the `framing to exclude drafts 2o when'the door is shut.VFrom the way in which the improved door opens itv wil of course benecessary to have the rabbet partly on one side andI partly on the otherside of the framing. Forinstance, as shown in Fig. 3, z5 the projecting,art of the rabbet C for the art A and for t e plart B between the secondline of hinges and t e boltE would be on the near side of theframing,while that for the remainder of the part B would be on the re- 3o moteside of the framing. n

Fig. 4 shows the same door closed and also illustrates one method ofmaking it self-closing. This is accomplished by means of a weight G,attached to a cord G', which passes 3 5 ,over a pulley Gr2 and isattached tothe bolt which in this case is in the form of a xed pin. Inorder to be able to withdraw the door bodily from the framing C whenrequired, the upper part of the framing is ro- 4o vided `with arotatable block C2, slotte to form a continuation of the slot F, inwhich the pin E moves. When the door is closed, as shown in Fi 4, theblock C2 may be turned about the pinEF as a center, so that its slot- 45 ted portion opens to the outside of the Jr'ramin and the doork canthen be removed. It wi l be understood that this is simply aconstruction to avoid makingthe bolt to slide up gram it can beseen byinspection that the and down, as in the form shown in Fig. `1..disturbance ofthe air in a room caused by the 5o In Fig. 5 double doorsA B are shown, and their position when each is o ened to its fullestextent is indicated in (ibtted lines. It will be seen that in thisposition the doors occupy very little space. v 55 Fig. 6 shows a windowaccording to this invention constructed on lines broadly similar to thedoors previously mentioned. The upper sash A is hinged to the lower sashB and to the top ofthe window-frame C2. The 6o lower sash is providedwith fixed pins E2, which are shown, by way of illustration, as movingin guides F attached to the windowirame. In this construction the weightof the window is balanced or partly balanced by 6 5 weights G3. One ofthese is shown attached It will be understood that windows and doorsaccording to this invention may berovided with various known forms ofdevices or checking their too-sudden movement. For example, the pin orbolt which moves in .8o the slotor guide might be connected with thepiston of an air or other dash pot. These oints are, however, notillustrated-in --the rawings. ,l

Fig. 8 is a^plan of a door having its arts A 85 B hin ed so as ,to avoidasfar as possi le any draft etween them. This is done by lmaking theadjacent portions of the'l artsA andv B concave and convex, respectivey, and suite` ably shaping the parts of the hinges D. It' 9o l wil beseen that when the door'opens only one way a strip of light Wood o r oter draftpreventer ma be provided. Y

Althou h igs. 6 and 7 illustrate windows hinged aout horizontal lines,itwill of 95 coursebe understood that this need not nec.- essarily bethe ease. For example; the'construction shown as a door in Fig. 5 isvery lsuitable for use as a window, in which case f the hei ht of theframe would robably be 'i oo reducer? in proportion to its widtlh. Thevdiagram forming Fig. 9 shows two parts A B of a door accordi to thisinvention, and the dotted line H in icates the path which the edge ofthe part B takes when the 1o 5 door is opened, the line J indicating thelimit beyond which no part of the door lproject-s on the other side. Thedotted line is part of a circle havin' a radius equal to the width ofthe door, an thus vindicates the path of l11o movement of the edge of anordinary door having the same dimensions. From this diais vvery muchless than that produced by opening a door of the ordinary type.

It can be shown mathematically that if the arts of the door areroportioned as hereinbeforeldescribed the oor as a whole 12o will besubstantially in e uilibriumV for uniformwind-pressure when (dhut ornearly shut.

If it be desired to have the door or window in e uilibrium under uniformwind-pressure f w en open or partially open, the proportions 125 may bemodified accordingly. f

"lt will be understood that the details of construction given in theaccompanying drawings are merely by way of example and may be variedwithout departing romthe 13o erates, as shown, upon 'both the pins El.75

opening of a door according to this invention 1 15 I semi framingcontaining the slot F for the pin or I I' bolt may be provided with anopening through which the bolt can be Withdrawn when re? ,quired, this o.ening being normall closed,

say, by a sli ing plate. Again, t e doors when self-closing need notnecessarily be operated b a weight, but may have any con-- venient ormof spring-closing mechanism, or when a weight is used instead of beingconnected to the pin orI bolt by means of a cord,

as illustrated, it can be directly attached to the bolt in anyconvenient Way and arranged to run on an inclined plane-say on guide-vrails lixed to the top framing of the door.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. The combination with a door or window frame, of a door or windowconsisting of two members having unequal proportions, a line of hingesconnectin one 'of said members with a side of the grams, a second lineof hinges connecting the two members together, the distance between thetwo lines of hin es Abeing approximately two-'s'evenths of the istancebetween the edge of the member which is hinged to the frame and thearallel free.

edge of the other member where y the door or window will besubstantially in equilibrium for uniform wind -pressure when shut ornearly shut, a projection on the larger member of the door orwindow at adistance from the second line of hinges equal to the distance betweenthe two lines of hinges and a guide in the frame within which saldprojection engages and is adapted to' slide for the purpose specified. l

2. The combination with a door or Window frame, of a dooror windowconsisting of two members having unequal proportions, a line of doubleswing-hin es connecting one of said members with a si e of the frame, asecond line of double swing-hinges connecting the two members together,the distance between the two lines of hinges being approximately.two-sevenths of the distance between the hinges equal to the distancebetween thetwo" l edge of the member which is hin ed to the frame andthe arallel free edge o the other member where y the door or window willbe substantially in equilibrium for uniform windpressure when shut ornearly shut, a projec tion on the larger member of the door. or windowat a distance from the second line of lines of hinges and a guide in theframe with- 5 5 in which said projection engages and is adapt vhingesconnecting the two members to ether, 1

the distancebetween the two lines of 'n es being approximatelytwo-sevenths of the is tance between the edge of the `member which ishinged to the frame and the arallel free edge of the other member Wherey the door or Window will b'e substantially in equilibrium for uniformwind-pressure when shut or 7o nearly shut, a projection on the largermember of the door or window at a distance from the second line ofhinges equal to the distance between the two lines of hinges, a guide/inthe frame within which said projectionv engages A7 5 and is adapted toslide, and means-for excluding draft between the framing and the edges`of the door as vand for the purpose specified. Y

4. The combination with a door or window 8o frame, of a door or windowconsisting of two members having unequal proportions,.a line of hingesconnectin one of said members with a side of the rame, a second line ofhingesconnecting the two members together, thedistance between the twolines of hinges being approximately two-sevenths of the distance betweenthe edge ol the member which is hinged to the frame and the parallelfree edge of the other member whereby the 9o door or window will besubstantially in e u1- librium for uniform wind-pressure when s ut ornearly shut, a projection on the larger member of the door or Window ata distance from the second line of hinges equal to the distance betweenthe two' lines of hinges, a guide in the frame within which saidprojection engages and is adapted to slide, and automatically-operatingmeans for closing 0r balancing the door or window.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM Wl LBERFORCE TAYLOR.

` Witnesses:

H. W. BATES, FRANK EMERY.

IOO

